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Study Material - Geography Optional
Instructor: Distance Educations Programme (DEP)
Language: English
Validity Period: 365 days
₹5900
FACILITIES UNDER DISTANCE EDUCATION PROGRAME
- High quality material beyond which the candidates do not have to look for anything else.
- Analysis of past questions.
- Framework and structure of representative answers.
- Evaluation of answers.
- Time to time direction and guidance, through (a)Telephone (b) E-mail and (c) Postal services.
The Correspondence Course Programme of ENSEMBLE has benefited many candidates preparing for UPSC, UPPCS, MPSC, RAS, BPSC, JPSC and Uttarakhand, etc. The results of Civil Services 2021-2022 have shown the significance of the Correspondence Course programme in shaping the careers of many candidates and this has been a source of constant inspiration for the institute.
Following Course will be covered:
PAPER I
PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical Geography
- Geomorphology
- Climatology
- Oceanography
- Biogeography
- Environmental Geography
Human Geography:
- Perspectives in Human Geography
- Economic Geography
- Population and Settlement Geography
- Settlement Geography
- Regional Planning
- Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography
Paper- II
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
- Physical Setting
- Resources
- Agriculture
- Industry
- Transport, Communication and Trade
- Cultural Setting
- Settlements
- Regional Development and Planning
- Political Aspects
- Contemporary Issues
| STRATEGY TO PREPARE FOR GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL | |||
| UPSC Answersheet | |||
| Strategy for Preparation for Mains Geography Optional | |||
| MINIMISING STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY THROUGH CLUSTER APPROACH BY 40% OF WHAT IT IS? By Shri K. Siddhartha. | |||
| IAS MAINS ANSWER WRITING & DIRECTIVES TO QUESTION & TAIL WORD MEANING | |||
| IAS MAINS ANSWER WRITING & DIRECTIVES TO QUESTION & TAIL WORD MEANING | |||
| IAS MAINS ANSWER WRITING, WHAT CONSTITUTES A GOOD ANSWER | |||
| QUESTIONS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN | |||
| IAS MAINS ANSWER WRITING 5 QUESTIONS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN IN GEOGRAPHY | |||
| HOW TO DRAW MAP | |||
| HOW TO DRAW MAP OF INDIA | |||
| HOW TO MAKE WORLD MAP | |||
| 1. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY | |||
| Model Answer-1. The age sex structure actually reflects the intent and character of the society. | |||
| Model Answer-2. Discuss the causes of mortality transition. Also, explain the patterns of life expectancy in the world. | |||
| Model Answer-3. What has been the role of re-emergence of infectious and parasitic diseases in changing the global mortality patterns. Discuss. | |||
| Model Answer-4. Discuss the level and trends of IMR across the world | |||
| Model Answer-5. Discuss the causes and consequences of Demographic Transition. | |||
| Model Answer-6. Outline the key challenges, the world will face as the demographic transitions runs its course across the remainder of the century. | |||
| Model Answer-7. Rather than being one demographic transition there are in reality many. Analyze the statement with separate special reference to India. | |||
| Model Answer-8. Critically examine the role of three revolutions that has determined the growth rate of population. | |||
| Model Answer-9 & 10. Analyse the role of migration on the development of cultural landscape. | |||
| Model Answer-11. Analyse recent European migration crisis, its causes and government's response. | |||
| Model Answer-12. Critically analyze the relationship between globalization and international migration and how has it affected the present world. | |||
| Model Answer-13. Briefly describe, how migrants assimilation into host societies takes place. | |||
| Model Answer-14. Discuss the contemporary migration pattern of India. | |||
| Model Answer-15. Write an essay on the factors that determine migrant assimilation into host societies. | |||
| Model Answer-16. What is the difference between 'refuges' and 'internally displaced persons'. Analyse the contemporary patters of such population. | |||
| Model Answer-17. Explain the concept of acculturation and cultural assimilation as applicable to India with examples. | |||
| Model Answer-18. Migration has the potential to induce secularization as well as the break the fabric of the society. | |||
| Model Answer-19. Concepts of over-under and optimum population are vital to understand the economic implications of demographic processes. Discuss. | |||
| Model Answer-20. Critically examine the Malthusian theory of Population. How it is different from Neo-Malthusian? | |||
| Model Answer-21. The contemporary overpopulation faced by many countries is nothing but a reflection of population resource imbalance according to Malthus but from a Marxist viewpoint, such phenomena are nothing but reifications of concrete historical, social, political and economic relations. Discuss. | |||
| Model Answer-22. Critically analyze the concepts that form the basis of pre-modern population theories. | |||
| Model Answer-24. Critically analyze the Post Malthusian perspective on population. | |||
| Model Answer-25 & 26. Discuss the Epidemiological Transition Theory of population and its applicability. | |||
| Model Answer-27 & 28. Pro Natal Policies have an inbuilt motive in garnering a geopolitical leverage out of it. Suggest it with suitable examples. Or Demographic structures are being deliberately distorted to suit the political aspirations of the countries. | |||
| Model Answer-29. Analyse the relationship between population and economic development from a theoretical perspective. | |||
| Model Answer-30. The real and emerging issue now with increasing population pressure is with the environmental carrying capacity, rather than anything else. | |||
| Model Answer-31. Large population of many countries is not the problem, rather a resource. Explain this this statement with particular reference to African countries. | |||
| Model Answer-32. Examine the relationship between Secularisation, Behavioural approach and Social well being. | |||
| Model Answer-33. Secularization is the last stage of development of a society. Analyse. | |||
| Model Answer-34. Discuss the concept of secularization, its form and the likely impact it has on the society. | |||
| Model Answer-35. India's progression through demographic transition provide a good example of the ways in which demographic processes are entwined with social, cultural, political and environmental processes . Discuss. | |||
| Model Answer-36. Can India garner the demographic dividend. Analyse. | |||
| Model Answer-37. How do cultures and civilizations differ. In this context identify the components of culture may go on to have. | |||
| Model Answer-38. Discuss the Conquest and Agricultural theory of Diffusion of Languages. | |||
| Model Answer-39. Examine the relationship between religion and environment thinking. | |||
| Model Answer-40. What has determined that Hinduism remains a local religion while Islam and Christianity are Universal religions. | |||
| Model Answer-41. How does the evolution and process of development of languages is related to the perceptions. Explain with suitable examples. | |||
| Model Answer-42. Hinduism is more a way of life rather than religion. Explain the statement in light of assimilation and tolerance characteristics of Hinduism. | |||
| Model Answer-43. Bring out a clear relationship between religion and women's rights issue. | |||
| Model Answer-44. India is united despite being so diverse that precludes it from becoming a nation. Comment. | |||
| Model Answer-45. Despite the fact that Social Capital can be a real resource there are a good chance that it can turn into a disadvantage waiting for an abuse. Explained. | |||
| Model Answer-46. Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of Economic Development. Give your argument in favour and against of it. | |||
| Model Answer-47. The incidence of illness is as much reflective of the social well being of the people as much of the state of economy as well as societal attitudes and norms. Analyse the statement with respect to various social malaise the society suffers. | |||
| Model Answer-48. The balance of perception is the best indication of among all social well-being indicators of the people of the country. Comment. | |||
| 5. POPULATION & CULTURE PYQ & NEW QS 2022 | |||
| Synopsis (Demographic Attributes) | |||
| Synopsis (Determinants Of Fertility) | |||
| Chapter (Population Growth) | |||
| Synopsis (Population Growth) | |||
| 1.4b- Synopsis (Demographic Perspectives & Population Theory) | |||
| Chapter (Demographic Perspectives & Population Theory) | |||
| Synopsis (Malthusian Theory) | |||
| Chapter (Malthusian Theory) | |||
| Synopsis (Concept of Optimum Population) | |||
| Chapter (Concept of Optimum Population) | |||
| Synopsis (Marxian Theory Of Population) | |||
| Chapter (Marxian Theory Of Population) | |||
| Synopsis (Demographic Transition Theory) | |||
| Chapter (Demographic Transition Theory) | |||
| Synopsis (World Population Distribution) | |||
| Chapter (World Population Distribution) | |||
| Synopsis (Migration) | |||
| Chapter (Migration) | |||
| Synopsis (World Population Problems) | |||
| Chapter (World Population Problems) | |||
| Synopsis (Population Policies) | |||
| Chapter (Population Policies) | |||
| Synopsis (Language And Religion) | |||
| Chapter (Language And Religion) | |||
| Synopsis (Secularisation) | |||
| Chapter (Secularisation) | |||
| Synopsis (Social Well Being) | |||
| Chapter (Social Well Being) | |||
| Synopsis (Social Capital) | |||
| Chapter (Social Capital) | |||
| Population and Cultural Setting Previous Year Question Bank | |||
| 2. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY | |||
| 2.1b- Synopsis (Economic Growth and Economic Development) | |||
| 2.1c- Chapter (Economic Growth and Economic Development) | |||
| 2.2b- Synopsis (Water Resources) | |||
| 2.2c- Chapter (Water Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Forest Resources) | |||
| 2.4a- Chapter (Biotic Resources) | |||
| 2.5b- Synopsis (Mineral Resources) | |||
| 2.5c- Chapter (Mineral Resources) | |||
| Synopsis (Energy Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Energy Resources & Energy Crisis) | |||
| 2.7b- Synopsis (Energy Crisis) | |||
| Synopsis (Marine Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Marine Resources) | |||
| 2.9b- Synopsis (Limits to Growth) | |||
| 2.9c- Chapter (Limits to Growth) | |||
| 2.10b- Synopsis (Agricultural Typology/Regions) | |||
| 2.10c- Chapter (World Agriculture- Typology of Agricultural Regions) | |||
| 2.11b- Synopsis (Food Security) | |||
| 2.11c- Chapter (Food Security) | |||
| 2.12a- Chapter (Famine) | |||
| 2.13b- Synopsis (World Industrial Region) | |||
| 2.13c- Chapter (World Industrial Region) | |||
| 2.14a- Chapter (World Industrial Problems) | |||
| 2.15a- Chapter (World Trade Pattern) | |||
| 2.16a- Chapter (Globalization) | |||
| 2.17a- Agricultural Productivity | |||
| Model Answer-1. Differentiate between the concept of Growth and Development. | |||
| Model Answer-2. Discuss the method of evolving Human Development Indicators/Index (HDI). | |||
| Model Answer-3. Economic growth inevitably leads to environmental degradation, but not economic development. | |||
| Model Answer-4. Discuss the significance of Genuine Progress indicator (GPI) or Index of Sustainable. | |||
| Model Answer-5. GDP as a measure of development is a flawed concept and its calculation has done more harm than good to the world as a concept. | |||
| Model Answer-6 & 7. Differentiate between globalisation and glocalisation and the relative suitability of the terms to world economic management. | |||
| Model Answer-8. Critically analyse as to how globalisation can be a separate beneficial model a developing economy especially India. | |||
| Model Answer-9. Prepare a sustainable development model for an African economy. | |||
| Model Answer-10. Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of economic development. | |||
| Model Answer-11. The pattern of development in the world shows strange coincidences with geopolitics. Do you agree? | |||
| Model Answer-12. Discuss the applicability of the concept. of Limits to Growth. | |||
| Model Answer-13. Although Limits to growth was a theoretical presentation of the extent of growth, it gives a subtle message on environment. | |||
| Model Answer-14. Despite nuclear energy offering many possibilities including locational advantages, what are its world prospects of development. | |||
| Model Answer-15. Present a brief analytical account of Sustainable Energy Resources for marking. | |||
| Model Answer-16 & 17. What are the factors that determine the decisions of countries to use various energy resources? | |||
| Model Answer-18. Nuclear fusion has the potential to solve the energy crisis forever but not the environmental crisis. | |||
| Model Answer-20. Discuss the significance of Water Governance as a means of water resource management? | |||
| Model Answer-21. Throughput method of water management is much better than Input method. | |||
| Model Answer-22. Use of local wisdom in water resource management is much more sustainable than structural based Engineering Approach. | |||
| Model Answer-23. Give a brief account of Dairy farming in Denmark and comparison with Denmark. | |||
| QS.-24. Discuss the efficacy of methods & programmes adopted for improving food supply in developing countries? | |||
| Model Answer-25. What were the advantages with New England region that it lost in due course of time, and why did it lost? Analyse with its concomitant impact. | |||
| Model Answer-26. Critically examine the concept of Growth centres and growth pole. | |||
| Model Answer-27. Give A Critical Assessment Of Central-Place Theory. | |||
| Model Answer-28. Bring out the Difference between Christaller's & Losch's Idea. | |||
| Model Answer-29. Describe how the characteristics of system explain the application of the concept into Geography. | |||
| Model Answer-30. Critically describe the applicability of Demographic Transition Theory to developing countries. | |||
| Model Answer-31. The demographic transition model is no more than a broad generalisation. Explain. | |||
| Model Answer-32. Demographic Transition model does not have a universal application because of every country oven experience, outside intervention, cultural differences & role of women. | |||
| Model Answer-33. To what extent Myrdal's concept of cumulative causation explains growth phenomena and its interrelationship. | |||
| Model Answer-34. Despite some of the best locational advantage industries have, they still do not flourish. What can be the possible set of factors that detract the industries from their set locations? | |||
| Model Answer-35. Present a classification of Industrial Location Theories taking the Economic Man Approach and the Least Cost Approach and briefly describe them. | |||
| Model Answer-36. Critical appraisal of the least Cost and Market Area approach to Industrial Location Theory. | |||
| Model Answer-37. Briefly discuss the structural approach and Radical and welfare approach to Industrial Location Theory. | |||
| Model Answer-38. Critically explain the reasons to support your approach to choice of Industrial location Theory/theories.. | |||
| Model Answer-39. Express your view points on the choice of Behavioural approach as an improvement over Least Coast and Market Area as an explanation of Industrial location. | |||
| Model Answer-40. Noida and Gurgaon have more than 85 screens, more than Delhi its parent city. This phenomena is explained by Least Cast Approach or by Market Area Approach. Explain with reasons. | |||
| Model Answer-41. The encirclement policy of USA has roots in the Heartland Theory and its modification by Spykman. Give a contemporary analysis. | |||
| Model Answer-42. How Spykman has been an improvement over Mckinder. Is it still applicable? | |||
| 6. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY PYQ &NEW QS 2022 | |||
| 3. SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY | |||
| 3.2b- Synopsis (Rural Settlement Types And Patterns) | |||
| 3.2c- Chapter (Rural Settlement Types And Patterns) | |||
| 3.3a- Synopsis (Basics of Settlement -Rural and Urban) | |||
| 3.4b- Synopsis (Concept of Cities and Urban Area) | |||
| 3.4c- Chapter (Concept of Cities and Urban Area) | |||
| 3.5b- Synopsis (Census Concept of Urban Area) | |||
| 3.5c- Chapter (Census Concept of Urban Area) | |||
| 3.6b- Synopsis (Functional Classification of Towns) | |||
| 3.5c- Chapter (Functional Classification of Towns) | |||
| 3.6b- Synopsis (The Internal Structure of Cities) | |||
| 3.6c- Chapter (The Internal Structure of Cities) | |||
| 3.7b- Synopsis (Morphology of Indian Cities) | |||
| 3.7c- Chapter (Morphology of Indian Cities) | |||
| 3.8b- Synopsis (Urban Spheres of Influence) | |||
| 3.8c- Chapter (Urban Spheres of Influence) | |||
| 3.9b- Synopsis (Rural-Urban Fringe) | |||
| 3.9c- Chapter (Rural-Urban Fringe) | |||
| 3.10b- Synopsis (Urban Sprawl) | |||
| 3.10c- Chapter (Urban Sprawl) | |||
| 3.11b- Synopsis (Conurbation/ Megalopolis) | |||
| 3.11c- Chapter (Conurbation/ Megalopolis) | |||
| 3.12b- Synopsis (Hierarchy of Urban Settlements) | |||
| 3.12c- Chapter (Hierarchy of Urban Settlements) | |||
| 3.13b- Synopsis (Primate City) | |||
| 3.13c- Chapter (Primate City) | |||
| 3.14b- Synopsis (Rank Size Rule) | |||
| 3.14c- Chapter (Rank Size Rule) | |||
| 3.15b- Synopsis (Urban Growth In India) | |||
| 3.15c- Chapter (Urban Growth In India) | |||
| 3.16b- Synopsis (20th Century & The British Contribution) | |||
| 3.17b- Synopsis (Urban Growth In The Post-Independence Era) | |||
| 3.17c- Synopsis (Urban Growth In The Post-Liberalisation Era) | |||
| 3.18b- Synopsis (Urbanisation) | |||
| 3.18c- Chapter (Urbanisation) | |||
| 3.19b- Synopsis (Slums) | |||
| 3.19c- Chapter (Slums) | |||
| 3.20c- Chapter (Town Planning: National Capital Region) | |||
| 3.21b- Synopsis (Town Planning: Satellite Towns) | |||
| 3.21c- Chapter (Town Planning: Satellite Towns) | |||
| 3.22b- Synopsis (Sustainable Urban Development) | |||
| 3.22c- Chapter (Sustainable Urban Development) | |||
| 3.23b- Synopsis (Smart Cities)- | |||
| 3.23c- Chapter (Smart Cities) | |||
| Model Answer-1. Give an account of the food processing Storage, and Transport and its impact on environment in India. | |||
| Model Answer-2. How is it that animals can harm the health of humans to a large extent? Explain it taking examples. | |||
| Model Answer-3. Discuss the basis and characteristic of Dispersed settlements in the Northeast India. | |||
| 4. It is very difficult for linear patterns to evolve and sustain in linear form now. Discuss. | |||
| SETTLEMENT QS & ANS - 05 | |||
| Model Answer-6. What determines the Hierarchy of settlements? How is that hierarchy manifests itself in the form of Settlement spectrum. | |||
| Model Answer-7 & 8. In the present globalised world, as well as the world that seeks identity, it is multiple primacy that forms the main pattern reflecting underlying growth. | |||
| Model Answer-9. Discuss the distinctiveness of American city centre and its causes. | |||
| Model Answer-10. Critically examine the applicability of the various theories of Urban morphology and examine its cross cultural comparisons. | |||
| SETTLEMENT QS & ANS - 11 | |||
| Model Answer-12. The city structure differs from country to country based on its culture and history. Explain. | |||
| Model Answer-13. The changing city structure of India is reflective of its socio-economic changes. Analyse. | |||
| Model Answer-14. Of late it has been observed that the City centre and CBD has declined. What is the reason behind the growing insignificance of CBD. | |||
| Model Answer-15. Residential segregation has been a feature of Indian cities even in the past. What has been the main reason behind the emergence of new form and reason of residential segregation? | |||
| Model Answer-16. The 21st century Indian cities show a tendency towards cities becoming polynodal. Analyse the milieu under which it takes place along with reasons. | |||
| Model Answer-17. Discuss Michael Pacione scheme of functional classification of cities. | |||
| Model Answer-18. Discuss different types of conurbations and their type. | |||
| Model Answer-19. What factors have allowed the Rural- Urban Fringe in India to evolve? To what extent is it beneficial or detrimental for the urban setting. | |||
| Model Answer-20. What causes the growth of slums, and what can be its remedial measures of the problem of slum growth? | |||
| SETTLEMENT QS & ANS - 21 | |||
| Previous Yrs _QUESTIONS_SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY | |||
| 4. MODELS THEORIES AND LAWS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | |||
| 4.1b- Synopsis (Systems Analysis) | |||
| 4.1c- Chapter (Systems Analysis) | |||
| 4.2b- Chapter (Von Thunen's Theory) | |||
| 4.2c- Synopsis (Von Thunen's Theory) | |||
| 4.3b- Synopsis (Webers Theory) | |||
| 4.3c- Chapter (Industrial Location Theories- Webers Theory) | |||
| 4.4b- Synopsis (Central Places Theory Christaller & Losch) | |||
| 4.4c- Chapter(Central Place Theory) | |||
| 4.5b- Synopsis (Rostow's Development Model) | |||
| 4.5c- Chapter (Rostow's Development Model) | |||
| 4.6a- Growth Centre, Perroux and Boudeville | |||
| 4.7b- Synopsis (Mackinder's Heartland Theory) | |||
| 4.7c- Chapter (Mckinder's Heartland Theory) | |||
| 4.8b- Synopsis (Laws of International Boundaries and Frontiers) | |||
| 4.8c- Chapter (Laws of International Boundaries and Frontiers) | |||
| 4.9a- Malthusian Theory | |||
| 4.10a- Concept of Optimum Population | |||
| 4.12a- Demographic Transition Theory | |||
| Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography Previous Year Question Bank | |||
| 5. PERSPECTIVE IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | |||
| 5.1b- Synopsis (What is Geography) | |||
| 5.1c- Chapter (What is Geography) | |||
| 5.2b- Synopsis (Indian Geographers) | |||
| 5.2c- Chapter (Indian Geographers) | |||
| 5.3b- Synopsis (Age of Exploration and Discoveries) | |||
| 5.4b- Synopsis (Inventions of the Renaissance Period) | |||
| 5.5b- Synopsis (Geography in the 18th Century) | |||
| 5.6b- Synopsis (Geography in the 19th Century) | |||
| 5.7b- Synopsis (Determinism and Possibilism) | |||
| 5.8b- Synopsis (Environmentalism) | |||
| 5.8c- Chapter (Environmentalism) | |||
| 5.9b- Synopsis (Regional Concept) | |||
| 5.9c- Chapter (Regional Concept) | |||
| 5.10b- Synopsis (Areal Differentiation) | |||
| 5.10c- Chapter (Areal Differentiation) | |||
| 5.11b- Synopsis (Quantitative Revolution) | |||
| 5.11c- Chapter (Quantitative Revolution) | |||
| 5.12b- Synopsis (Behavioural Revolution) | |||
| 5.12c- Chapter (Behavioural Revolution) | |||
| 5.13b- Synopsis (Radical, Human and Welfare approaches) | |||
| 5.13c- Chapter (Radical, Human and Welfare approaches) | |||
| 5.14b- Synopsis (Recent Trends) | |||
| 5.15a- Languages, Religions, Secularization | |||
| 5.16a- Synopsis (Major Cultural Realms) | |||
| Previous Year Question Bank- Perspectives in Human Geography | |||
| 6. GEOMORPHOLOGY | |||
| Synopsis (Factors Controlling Landform Development) | |||
| Chapter (Factors Controlling Landform Development) | |||
| Synopsis (Interior of the Earth) | |||
| Chapter (Earth's Interior) | |||
| Synopsis (Crust) | |||
| Chapter (Crust) | |||
| Chapter (Ocean Bottom Relief) | |||
| Synopsis (Endogenetic Movement) | |||
| Chapter (Endogenetic Forces) | |||
| Synopsis (Isostasy) | |||
| Chapter (Isostasy) | |||
| Synopsis (Continental drift) | |||
| Chapter (Continental drift) | |||
| Synopsis (Geomagnetism) | |||
| Chapter (Geomagnetism) | |||
| Synopsis (Plate Tectonics) | |||
| Chapter (Plate Tectonics) | |||
| Synopsis (Geosynclines) | |||
| Mountain Building | |||
| Synopsis (Mountain Building) | |||
| Chapter (Geosynclines & Mountain Building) | |||
| Synopsis (Volcanism) | |||
| Synopsis (Volcanism) | |||
| Synopsis (Earthquakes) | |||
| Chapter (Earthquakes) | |||
| Synopsis (Tsunami) | |||
| Chapter (Tsunami) | |||
| Synopsis (Exogenous forces: Denudation) | |||
| Chapter (Denudation) | |||
| Synopsis (Surface Water and Processes) | |||
| Chapter (Fluvial Landforms) | |||
| Synopsis (Glacial Landforms) | |||
| Chapter (Glacial Landforms) | |||
| Synopsis (Arid Topography) | |||
| Chapter (Arid Landforms) | |||
| Synopsis (Karst Landforms) | |||
| Chapter (Karst Landforms) | |||
| Synopsis (Marine Landforms) | |||
| Chapter (Marine Landforms) | |||
| Synopsis (Geohydrology) | |||
| Chapter (Geohydrology) | |||
| Synopsis (Channel Morphology) | |||
| Chapter (Channel Morphology) | |||
| Synopsis (Geomorphic Cycle) | |||
| Chapter (Geomorphic Cycle) | |||
| Synopsis (Slope development) | |||
| Chapter (Slope development) | |||
| Synopsis (Denudation Chronology) | |||
| Chapter (Denudation Chronology) | |||
| Synopsis (Erosion Surface) | |||
| Chapter (Erosion Surface) | |||
| Synopsis (Economic Geology) | |||
| Chapter (Economic Geology) | |||
| Synopsis (Applied Geomorphology) | |||
| Chapter (Applied Geomorphology) | |||
| GEOMORPHOLOGY PYQ & NEW QS 2022 | |||
| 7. CLIMATOLOGY | |||
| Synopsis (Structure of Atmosphere) | |||
| Chapter ((Structure of Atmosphere) | |||
| Chapter (Composition of Atmosphere) | |||
| Synopsis (Nature of Radiation and Insolation) | |||
| Chapter (Insolation & Heat Budget) | |||
| Synopsis (Heat Budget of the Earth) | |||
| Synopsis (Temperature) | |||
| Chapter (Temperature) | |||
| Synopsis (Pressure and Pressure belts) | |||
| Chapter (Pressure and Pressure belts) | |||
| Synopsis (Planetary winds) | |||
| Synopsis (Atmospheric circulation) | |||
| Chapter (Atmospheric circulation) | |||
| Synopsis (Jet stream) | |||
| Chapter (Jet Stream) | |||
| Synopsis (Humidity) | |||
| Chapter (Humidity) | |||
| Synopsis (Atmospheric stability and instability) | |||
| Chapter (Atmospheric stability and instability) | |||
| Synopsis (Precipitation) | |||
| Chapter (Precipitation) | |||
| Synopsis (Air Masses) | |||
| Chapter (Air Masses) | |||
| Synopsis (Temperate Cyclone) | |||
| Chapter (Temperate Cyclone) | |||
| Synopsis (Tropical Cyclones) | |||
| Chapter (Tropical Cyclones) | |||
| Synopsis (Tertiary Atmospheric Circulation-Local winds) | |||
| Chapter (Tertiary Atmospheric Circulation) | |||
| Synopsis (Urban Climate) | |||
| Chapter (Urban Climate) | |||
| Synopsis (Climatic Change) | |||
| Chapter (Climatic Change) | |||
| Synopsis (Applied Climatology) | |||
| Chapter (Applied Climatology) | |||
| Chapter (Climates Classification) | |||
| Indian Monsoons | |||
| Climatology Previous Year Questions bank | |||
| 8. OCEANOGRAPHY | |||
| 8.1b- Synopsis (Bathymetry of the Ocean Floor) | |||
| Synopsis (Ocean Bottom Topography) | |||
| Synopsis (Temperature) | |||
| Synopsis (Temperature) | |||
| 8.3c- Chapter (Temperature) | |||
| 8.4a- Synopsis (Heat Budget) | |||
| 8.5b- Synopsis (Salt Budget) | |||
| 8.6b- Synopsis (Salinity of the Oceans) | |||
| Synopsis (Ocean Circulation) | |||
| 8.8b- Synopsis (Waves) | |||
| 8.9b- Synopsis (Tides) | |||
| 8.10c- Chapter (Coral Reefs) | |||
| 8.10c- Chapter (Coral Reefs) | |||
| 8.11b- Synopsis (Coral Bleaching) | |||
| 8.11c- Chapter (Coral Bleaching) | |||
| 8.12b- Synopsis (Ocean Deposits) | |||
| 8.12c- Chapter (Ocean Deposits) | |||
| 8.13a- Synopsis (Marine Resources) | |||
| 8.13b- Chapter (Marine Resources) | |||
| 8.14a- Chapter (Marine Pollution) | |||
| 8.15b- Synopsis (Law of the Sea) | |||
| 8.15c- Chapter (Law of the Sea) | |||
| Oceanography Previous Year Question Bank | |||
| 9. BIO-ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY | |||
| 9.2b- Synopsis (Ecosystem Concept) | |||
| 9.2c- Chapter (Ecosystem Concept) | |||
| 9.4b- Synopsis (Types of Ecosystems) | |||
| 9.4c- Chapter (Types of Ecosystems) | |||
| 9.5b- Synopsis (Laws of Ecology) | |||
| 9.5c- Chapter (Laws of Ecology) | |||
| 9.6b- Synopsis (Soil Genesis) | |||
| 9.7b- Synopsis (Soil Profile) | |||
| 9.8b- Synopsis (Soil Classification) | |||
| 9.9c- Chapter (Degradation) | |||
| 9.9c- Chapter (Degradation) | |||
| 9.10b- Synopsis (Factor affecting Animal and Plant Distribution) | |||
| 9.10c- Chapter (Local Ecosystems) | |||
| 9.11b- Synopsis (Biomes) | |||
| 9.11c- Chapter (Biomes) | |||
| 9.12a- Synopsis (Gene Pool Centres) | |||
| 9.13b- Synopsis (Human Ecological Adaptations) | |||
| 9.13c- Chapter (Human Ecological Adaptations) | |||
| 9.14b- Synopsis (Global Ecological Imbalances) | |||
| 9.15b.a- Chapter (Natural Environment) | |||
| 9.16b- Synopsis (Human Impact on Climate) | |||
| 9.18b- Synopsis (Land degradation) | |||
| 9.19b- Synopsis (Human Impact on Water) | |||
| 9.20b- Synopsis (Human Impact on Ecosystem) | |||
| 9.21a- Synopsis (Pollution) | |||
| 9.21b- Chapter (Pollution) | |||
| 9.22b- Synopsis (Biodiversity) | |||
| 9.22c- Chapter (Biodiversity) | |||
| 9.23b- Synopsis (Forest Conservation) | |||
| 9.23c- Chapter (Forest Conservation) | |||
| 9.24a- Synopsis (Wildlife Conservation) | |||
| 9.24a- Chapter (Wildlife Conservation) | |||
| 9.25b- Synopsis (Desertification) | |||
| 9.26b- Synopsis (Sustainable Development) | |||
| 9.26c- Chapter (Sustainable Development) | |||
| 9.27b- Synopsis (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)) | |||
| 9.27c- Chapter (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)) | |||
| 9.28b- Synopsis (Environmental Management) | |||
| 9.28c- Chapter (Environmental Management) | |||
| 9.29a- Synopsis (Environmental awareness) | |||
| 9.30a- Synopsis (Environmental Education) | |||
| 9.31a- Synopsis (Environmental Legislation) | |||
| 9.31b- Chapter (Environmental Legislation) | |||
| Bio-Environment Previous Year Question Bank | |||
| 10. INDIA: PHYSICAL SETTING | |||
| 10.1b- Chapter (Space Relationship of India with Neighbouring countries) | |||
| 10.2b- Synopsis (Physiography) | |||
| 10.2c- Chapter (Physiography) | |||
| 10.3b- Synopsis (Geology and Stucture) | |||
| 10.3c- Chapter (Geology and Stucture) | |||
| 10.4b- Synopsis (Drainage) | |||
| 10.4c- Chapter (Drainage) | |||
| 10.5b.a- Synopsis (Climate) | |||
| 10.5c.a- Chapter (Climate) | |||
| 10.5c.b- Chapter (Climatic Regions) | |||
| 10.5b.b- Synopsis (Climatic Classification) | |||
| 10.5b- Synopsis (Natural Vegetation) | |||
| 10.6c- Chapter (Natural Vegetation) | |||
| 10.6b.a- Synopsis (Soils) | |||
| 10.6c- Chapter (Soils) | |||
| 10.6b.b- Synopsis (Wetland & Water Bodies) | |||
| 10.7b.a- Synopsis (Landslides) | |||
| 10.7c- Chapter (Landslides) | |||
| 10.7b.a- Synopsis (Natural Phenomena: Avalanche) | |||
| Synopsis (Floods) | |||
| Chapter (Floods) | |||
| Chapter (Drought) | |||
| Synopsis (Deforestation) | |||
| Previous Yrs _QUESTIONS_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS | |||
| 11. INDIA: RESOURCES | |||
| Synopsis (Drought) | |||
| Chapter (Land Resources) | |||
| Synopsis (Land Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Water Resources) | |||
| Synopsis (Water Resources) | |||
| Synopsis (Mineral Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Mineral Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Energy Resources & Energy crisis) | |||
| Synopsis (Energy Resources) | |||
| Synopsis (Energy Crisis) | |||
| Synopsis (Biotic Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Biotic Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Forest Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Forest Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Forest Conservation) | |||
| Chapter (Wildlife Resources) | |||
| Synopsis (Wildlife Resources) | |||
| Chapter (Marine Resources) | |||
| Previous Yrs _QUESTIONS_INDIA RESOURCE | |||
| 12. INDIA: AGRICULTURE | |||
| Synopsis (Seeds) | |||
| Chapter (Seeds) | |||
| Synopsis (Irrigation) | |||
| Chapter (Irrigation) | |||
| Synopsis (Fertilizers) | |||
| Chapter (Fertilizers) | |||
| Synopsis (Power) | |||
| Chapter (Power) | |||
| Chapter (land reforms) | |||
| Synopsis (Land holdings, Land Tenure & Land Reforms) | |||
| Chapter (Intensity of Cropping) | |||
| Synopsis (Intensity of Cropping) | |||
| Synopsis (Agricultural Productivity) | |||
| Synopsis (Green Revolution) | |||
| Chapter (Green Revolution) | |||
| Synopsis (Dryland Farming) | |||
| Chapter (Dryland Farming) | |||
| Synopsis (Agro and Social Forestry) | |||
| Chapter (Agro and Social Forestry) | |||
| Synopsis (Livestock Resource) | |||
| Synopsis (White Revolution) | |||
| Chapter (White Revolution) | |||
| Synopsis (Aquacalture) | |||
| Chapter (Aquacalture) | |||
| Synopsis (Sericulture) | |||
| Chapter (Sericulture) | |||
| Synopsis (Apiculture) | |||
| Chapter (Apiculture) | |||
| Synopsis (Poultry) | |||
| Chapter (Poultry) | |||
| Chapter (Agricultural Regionalisation) | |||
| Synopsis (Cropping Pattern) | |||
| Chapter (Cropping Pattern) | |||
| Synopsis (Crop Combination) | |||
| Synopsis (Agro Climatic Zones) | |||
| Chapter (Agro Climatic Zones) | |||
| Synopsis (Agro Ecological Regions) | |||
| Chapter (Agro Ecological Regions) | |||
| PREVIOUS YEARS _QUESTIONS_ INDIA AGRICULTURE | |||
| 13. INDIA: INDUSTRY | |||
| Chapter (Evolution of Industrialisation) | |||
| Synopsis (Cotton Textile Industry) | |||
| Chapter (Cotton Textile Industry) | |||
| Synopsis (Jute Industry) | |||
| Chapter (Jute Industry) | |||
| Chapter (Paper Industry) | |||
| Synopsis (Sugar Industry) | |||
| Synopsis (Iron and Steel Industry) | |||
| Chapter (Iron and Steel Industry) | |||
| Synopsis (Aluminium Industry) | |||
| Chapter (Aluminium Industry) | |||
| Synopsis (Automobile Industry) | |||
| Chapter (Automobile Industry) | |||
| Synopsis (Fertiliser Industry) | |||
| Chapter (Fertiliser Industry) | |||
| Synopsis (Chemical Industry) | |||
| Synopsis (Pharmaceutical Industry) | |||
| Chapter (Pharmaceutical Industry) | |||
| Synopsis (Cottage Industries) | |||
| Chapter (Rural Industries) | |||
| Synopsis (Industrial Regions and Complexes) | |||
| Chapter (Industrial Regions and Complexes) | |||
| Chapter (Industrial houses and including public sector undertaking) | |||
| Chapter (Industrial Policy) | |||
| Chapter (Multinational Companies (MNCs) | |||
| Chapter (Special Economic Zones) | |||
| Synopsis (Eco-Tourism) | |||
| Chapter (Eco-Tourism) | |||
| Previous Yrs _QUESTIONS_INDIA INDUSTRY | |||
| 14. INDIA: TRANSPORT COMMUNICATION AND TRADE | |||
| Chapter (Road Transport) | |||
| Chapter (Railway Transport) | |||
| Synopsis (Airway Transport) | |||
| Chapter (Airway Transport) | |||
| Synopsis (Waterway Transportation) | |||
| Chapter (Waterway Transportation) | |||
| Synopsis (Pipeline Transport) | |||
| Chapter (Pipeline Transport) | |||
| Synopsis (Competition and Complementary) | |||
| Chapter (Competition and Complementary) | |||
| Synopsis (Indian Ports) | |||
| Synopsis (New Communication Technology) | |||
| Chapter (New Communication Technology) | |||
| Synopsis (Indian Space Programme) | |||
| Chapter (Indian Space Programme) | |||
| Chapter (Trade Policy) | |||
| Chapter (Export Processing Zones) | |||
| Previous Yrs _QUESTIONS_ INDIA TRANSPORT | |||
| 15. INDIA: POLITICAL ASPECTS | |||
| Chapter (Space relationship of India with neighboring countries) | |||
| Synopsis (Geographical Basis of Indian Federalism) | |||
| Chapter (Geographical Basis of Indian Federalism) | |||
| Synopsis (State Reorganistion) | |||
| Chapter (State Reorganistion) | |||
| Chapter (Emergence of New States) | |||
| Chapter (Regional Consciousness) | |||
| Synopsis (Inter State Issues) | |||
| Chapter (Inter State Issues) | |||
| Synopsis (Geopolitics of South Asia India and China Change) | |||
| Chapter (Geopolitics of South Asia India and China Change) | |||
| Synopsis (Cross Border Terrorism) | |||
| Chapter (Cross Border Terrorism) | |||
| Synopsis (India’s Role in World Affairs) | |||
| Chapter (India’s Role in World Affairs) | |||
| Synopsis (Geopolitics of Indian Ocean Realm) | |||
| Chapter (Geopolitics of Indian Ocean Realm) | |||
| Previous Yrs _QUESTIONS_ POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY | |||
| 16. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING (PAPER-I & II) | |||
| Synopsis (Concept of Region) | |||
| Chapter (Concept of Region) | |||
| Synopsis (Types of Region) | |||
| Chapter (Types of Region) | |||
| Synopsis (Methods of Regionalism) | |||
| Chapter (Methods of Regionalism) | |||
| Synopsis (Growth Centers & Growth Poles) | |||
| Chapter (Growth Centers & Growth Poles) | |||
| Synopsis (Regional Imbalances) | |||
| Chapter (Regional Imbalances) | |||
| Synopsis (Regional Imbalances in India) | |||
| Chapter (Regional Imbalances in India) | |||
| Synopsis (Regional Development Strategies) | |||
| Chapter (Regional Development Strategies) | |||
| Synopsis (Environmental Issues In Regional Planning & Planning For Sustainable Development) | |||
| Chapter (Environmental Issues In Regional Planning & Planning For Sustainable Development) | |||
| Synopsis (Regional Planning in India) | |||
| Synopsis (Regional Planning In Five Year) | |||
| Chapter (Regional Planning In Five Year) | |||
| Chapter (Concept of Backwardness) | |||
| Synopsis (Planning for Backward Area) | |||
| Chapter (Planning for Backward Area) | |||
| Synopsis (Command Area Development) | |||
| Chapter (Command Area Development) | |||
| Chapter (Desert Development Programme) | |||
| Synopsis (Drought Prone Area Programme) | |||
| Chapter (Drought Prone Area Programme) | |||
| Synopsis (Hill Area Development Programme) | |||
| Chapter (Hill Area Development Programme) | |||
| Chapter (Tribal Area Development) | |||
| Synopsis (Regional Planning and Development of Island Territories) | |||
| Chapter (Regional Planning and Development of Island Territories) | |||
| Synopsis (Watershed Management) | |||
| Chapter (Watershed Management) | |||
| Synopsis (Multi level Planning) | |||
| Chapter (Multi level Planning) | |||
| Synopsis (Panchayati Raj and Decentralised Planning) | |||
| Chapter (Panchayati Raj and Decentralised Planning) | |||
| Chapter (Integrated Rural Development Programmes (IRDP)) | |||
| Synopsis (Experience of Regional Planning In India) | |||
| Chapter (Experience of Regional Planning In India) | |||
| Previous Yrs _QUESTIONS_REGIONAL PLANNING | |||
| 17. INDIA: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES | |||
| Synopsis (Landslides) | |||
| Chapter (Landslides) | |||
| Chapter (Earthquakes) | |||
| Synopsis (Tsunami) | |||
| Chapter (Tsunami) | |||
| Synopsis (Floods) | |||
| Chapter (Floods) | |||
| Synopsis (Drought) | |||
| Chapter (Drought) | |||
| Chapter (Epidemics) | |||
| Chapter (Issues Relating to Environmental Pollution) | |||
| Chapter (Changing Land Use Pattern) | |||
| Synopsis (Food Security) | |||
| Chapter (Environmental Impact Assessment And Environmental Management; Population Explosion And Food Security) | |||
| Chapter (Environmental degradation) | |||
| Synopsis (Deforestation & Desertification) | |||
| Synopsis (Problems of Agrarian and Industrial Unrest) | |||
| Chapter (Problems of Agrarian and Industrial Unrest) | |||
| Chapter (Regional Imbalances) | |||
| Chapter (Sustainable Development) | |||
| Chapter (Environmental Awareness) | |||
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